,jo; -95  July 2004  (Kd;gf;fr; nra;jp - Front Page)
 

gpuhe;jpa ty;yuRfspd; ,uh[je;jpu Aj;jKk;rpf;f itf;fg;gLk; fpof;F K];ypk;fSk; 

,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghiuj; njhlHe;J ,uh[je;jphpfs;> J}JtHfs; Ntlj;jpy; xU ehl;L csthspfs; kw;nwhU ehl;il CLUtJ vd;gJ ngUk; Nghf;fhf ,Ue;J te;jJ. ,J ngUk; murpay; rHr;irfis ehLfSf;F ,ilapy; Njhw;Wtpj;J te;jJ. gdpg;NghH Kbtpw;F te;jJld; ,g;Nghf;fpy; rw;Wj; jsHT fhzg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ ngUk; ty;yuRfSf;F kj;jpapy; jPtpukhff; fhzg;gl;L te;j ,e;j csTg; NghH gpw;fhyq;fspy; gpuhe;jpa ty;yuRfSf;F ,ilapyhdjhf khw;wk; fz;lJ.

Fwpg;ghf ,e;jpa> ghfp];jhd; muRfSf;F ,ilapy; jPtpukhf ,g;NghJ eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ. ,r;rr;ruTfSf;F ,ilapy; eypTz;l rpwpa r%fq;fs; rpf;f itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mt;thwhd xd;W jhd; fpof;F K];ypk;fis gpuhe;jpa ty;yuRfspd; ,uh[je;jpu Aj;jjjpw;Fs; rpf;f itf;Fk; Kaw;rpahFk;.

,yq;iff;fhd ghfp];jhdpa J}JtH grPHthyp gw;wp ,e;jpa csTg; gphpTNuhtpw;F neUf;fkhd uhkd; ntspapl;l nra;jpapd; ek;gfj;jd;ik Fwpj;J Nfs;tpnaOg;g xNunahU Mjhuk; khj;jpuk; NghJkhdjhFk;. fh~;kPH jPtputhj mikg;nghd;iw fpof;fpYs;s xrhkh FOTld; rk;ge;jg;gLj;jp uhkd; thjq;fis Kd;itf;fpd;whH. thypapd; epakdj;jpw;F vjpHg;Gj; njhptpg;gjd; Clhf jdJ ,Ug;gpid cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KaYk; uhkd;> ,jw;F Mjhukhf fpof;F K];ypk;fisAk; ‘xrhkh FO’ vd;w xd;iwAk; type;J ,Oj;J tpLfpd;whH.

xrhkh FO vd;gJ xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l xU MAjf; FO my;y. gyte;jkhf tpLjiyg; Gypfs; K];ypk; egH xUthplk; fg;gk; gwpf;f te;j NghJ> me;egH mtHfis vjpHj;Jj; jhf;fpdhH.  gpd;dH tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; mikg;G hPjpahd gopthq;fYf;Fg; gae;J> jhDk; jdf;F neUf;fkhd xU rpyUk; NrHe;J jw;fhg;Gf; FOthfr; nraw;gl;lhH. ,tHfs; jkJ tl;lhuj;ijj; jhz;b ntsptuhJ xU FWfpa vy;iyf;Fs; elkhLfpd;w FOthFk;. jk;kPjhd mr;RWj;jy;fs; jzpe;jJk; mtHfs; fiye;J jj;jkJ njhopy;fisg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. ,tHfisj;jhd; uhkd; mtHfs; khngUk; fz;L gpbg;Gr; nra;J> ghfp];jhdpa csTj;Jiwahd v];.I.v];. clDk;> ,e;jpa K];ypk; mikg;GlDk; njhlHGgLj;jpapUf;fpd;whH.

cz;ikapd; uhkd; mtHfspd; Nehf;fk;jhd; vd;d? jw;NghJ ,g;gbahd xU ,l;Lf; fl;lg;gl;l nra;jpiaf; frpa tplf; fhuzk; vd;d? mz;ikf;fhykhf> tpLjiyg; Gypfs; rhHG jkpo;g; gj;jphpiffs; ,e;jpa MSk; jug;Gf;F vjpuhf njhlHe;Jk; nra;jp ntspapl;L tUfpd;wd. ,J Fwpj;J ,e;jpah jdJ fLikahd fz;ldq;fisAk; ntspapl;bUe;jJ. ,g;Nghf;fpypUe;J jkpo;r; nra;jp Clfq;fspd; ftdj;ijj; jpUg;Gtjw;fhf grPHthyp tptfhuj;ij nra;jpr; re;ijf;Ff; uhkd; nfhz;L te;Js;shH.

nfhOk;ig jskhff; nfhz;L ghfp];jhd; csT epWtdk; nraw;gl;L fpof;F K];ypk;fisg; gad;gLj;jg; Nghfpd;wJ> MAjjhhpfshf;fg; Nghfpd;wJ vd;gjhf nra;jpnahd;iw mtpo;j;J tpl;lhH. ,e;j tiyapy; mtH vjpHghHj;jgbNa jkpo;r; nra;jp Clfq;fSk; rpf;fpf; nfhz;ld. uhkd; mbj;j ge;ij jkpo; gj;jphpifahsHfs; ed;F gw;wpf; nfhz;ldH.

mNjrkak;> ‘jkpo;nel;’ rptuhk; grPHthyp tptfhuj;jpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;Js;shH. tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; eyd;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk; cs;Nehf;fk; ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. K];ypk;fs; ghfp];jhDld; ,ize;J ,e;jpa eyd;fSf;F vjpuhfr; nraw;glf; $Lk; vd;gjhy;> tpLjiyg; Gypfs; tplaj;jpy; ,e;jpa muR nkd;Nghf;iff; filgpbf;FkhW kiwKfkhf ,e;jpa MSk; jug;gpid rptuhk; NfhUfpd;whH. ,JNt grPHthyp nra;jpf;F jdpahd Kf;fpaj;Jtk;  nfhLf;ff; fhuzkhFk;.

,e;jpa csTj;JiwAk; Mjpf;fg; gphptpdUk; ,yq;ifj; jkpo; kf;fSf;F vd;d nra;jdH? vd;d nra;J tUfpd;wdH? vd;d nra;Ak;? vd;gJ midtUf;Fk; njhpe;j tplakhFk;. mg;gbapUf;f K];ypk;fisj; JUg;Gfshfg; gad;gLj;jp Gypfs; kPJ ,e;jpa muR nkd;Nghf;iff; filg;gpbf;fr; nra;ayhk; vd;W jkpo; gj;jphpifahsHfs; epidg;gJ vt;tsT murpay; rpW gps;isj;jdkhdJ.

rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd;dH ,e;jpa murpd; kPJ NghHg; gpufldk; nra;Ak; mstpw;F MNtrkhd> fLikahd njhdpapy; fl;Liufis vOjp te;j rptuhk;> fpof;F K];ypk;fs; njhlHghf> uhkd; - ,e;jpa NuhTld; neUf;fkhfr; nraw;gl;l xU mjpfhhp - ntspapl;l xU ,l;Lf; fl;ba nra;jpf;F mjPj Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J jdJ  jkpo;nel; nra;jpapy; ntspapl;ljw;F ,jidj; jtpu Ntnwe;j tpsf;fj;ijAk; ehk; Njl Ntz;bajpy;iy. fpof;F K];ypk;fs; MAjNke;jg; Nghfpd;whHfs;> ,e;jpa eyd;fSf;F vjpuhfr; nraw;glg; Nghfpd;whHfs;. vdNt mtHfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j ,e;jpa v[khdHfNs! ePq;fs; tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; tplaj;jpy; fLikiaf; Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W #rfkhf miog;G tpLj;jJ jhd; mtH nra;j fhhpak;.

 

jkpo; kf;fspd; tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ijr; rpijg;gjpYk;> ,af;fq;fis Nkhjtpl;ljpYk; N[.MH muRld; ,ize;J jkpo; kf;fSf;Fj; JNuhfk; ,ioj;jjpYk; ,e;jpa muRk; NuhTk; Mw;wpa ghj;jpuk; midtUk; mwpe;jNj. mg;gbahd Nuhtpw;;F neUf;fkhd uhkd; ntspapl;l xU nra;jpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; nfhLj;J jkpo;g; gj;jphpifahsHfs; tpthjq;fis tsHj;J tUfpd;whHfs;. ,J kpf Nkhrkhd gj;jphpifj;Jiwr; re;jHg;gthjkhFk;. tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jkJ kz;zpy; ,e;jpa murpw;F vjpuhfg; NghuhbaJk; ,e;jpag; gpujkiu nfhiy nra;Ak; mstpw;Fk; nrd;wJk; vjdhy;? ,e;jpa murpd; Nkyhjpf;fg; Nghf;Fk;> jdJ gpuhe;jpa eyidg; ghJfhg;gJ vd;w ngahpy; mLj;jthpd; mbg;gil chpikfspy; jiyaPL nra;jJk; jhd; ,jw;F mbg;gilf; fhuzkhFk;.

jkJ mlf;FKiwf; nfhs;iffis vt;tpj khw;wKk; ,d;wpf; filg;gpbj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; mNjrkak;> kw;wtHfspd; kPJ jpl;lkpl;Lg; gopiag; NghLtjpy; ,e;jpa Mjpf;f rf;jpfSf;F epfuhf ,q;Fk; rpy rf;jpfs; nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wd. 

fpof;F K];ypk;fs; MAjk; Ve;jpg; NghuhLtjhapd;. mtHfs; ghfp];jhdpd; eyd;fisf; fhg;gjw;F ,jidr; nra;a Ntz;ba ve;jnthU mtrpaKk; fpilahJ. mt;thW NghuhLtjhapd; mjw;F xNunahU %y fhuzkhf ,Uf;fg; NghtJ tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; njhlHr;rpahd mlf;FKiwfs;jhd;. K];ypk;fspd; tho;tpaypYk; ,Ug;gpYk; njhlHe;Jk; tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ifitg;gJjhd;. ,e;j Nkyhjpf;fg; Nghf;fpid epWj;jpf; nfhs;Sk;NghJ fpof;F K];ypk;fs; jkJ md;whl tho;f;ifia mikjpAk; rkhjhdKkhf mikj;Jf; nfhs;thHfs;.

 

(xU fUj;J)

ehk; vjph;ghh;f;Fk; murpay; jiyik

- kz;Z}hp

r%fk; vd;gJ $l;likg;ghFk;. gy;NtW jpwikfs;> gz;Gfs;> tsq;fs;> Kaw;rpfs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; $l;likg;ghfNt mJ ,aq;FfpwJ. vdNt> mjd; ,af;fj;Jf;F jiyikj;Jtk; ,d;wpaikahjjhfpd;wJ.

rpyh; jiyikj;Jtj;ij gpwg;ghy; milfpd;wdh;. rpyh; Kaw;rpahy; ngWfpd;wdh;. je;jpuj;jhy; mgfhpg;gth;fSk; csh;. rpyh; jhkhfj; jiyth;fshfpwhh;fs;. rpyh; gpwuhy; jiyth;fshf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;. vg;gb mike;jhYk; jiyik vd;gJ r%fj;Jf;F eyd; gag;gjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jPik gaf;Fk; jiyikia ve;jr; r%fKk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;shJ.

jiyikaplk; fhzg;gLfpd;w mjpfhuq;fs;> nry;thf;Ffs; xU fhyfl;lj;jpy; r%fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp itf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mf;fl;Lg;ghL jsh;r;rpailAk; NghJ r%fk; jkf;F ed;ikahf mikfpd;w kw;nwhU jiyikiaj; Njh;e;Jnfhs;Sk;. ,t;thwhd czh;T vJTkpy;yhj ,uhkd; Mz;lhnyd;d? ,uhtzd; Mz;lhnyd;d? $lte;j Fuq;Fjhd; Mz;lhnyd;d? vd;w kdg;ghq;F xU r%fj;Jf;F Vw;gLkhdhy; mJ Vida r%fq;fshy; mopf;fg;gl;LtpLk;. mjd; fz;zpak;> nry;thf;F> gz;ghL> tsq;fs; Mfpa midj;Jk; mope;JtpLk;. ,it ehk; tuyhw;wpy; gbf;fpd;w cz;ikfshFk;.

,yq;if K];ypk; r%fj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu ,t;thwhd rhay; njspTgl;Lf; nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ. ve;j ,yl;rpaKkpd;wp jhd;Njhd;wpj;jdkhf cUthfptUk; jiyikfs; my;yJ NtW r%fj;jth;fshy;  Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l nghk;ikj; jiyikfs; Njhd;wp kiwfpd;wd. xt;nthUtUk; gphpe;J epd;W ntt;NtW jiyikfspd; fPo; re;jh;g;gj;Jf;Nfw;g czh;r;rpfisf; nfhg;gspj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. r%fNkh Vkhspfshf nksdk; rhjpf;fpd;wJ.

xU r%fj;jpd; murpay; mjpfhuk;jhd; mr;r%fj;jpd; ghJfhtydhf mikAk;. Mdhy;> me;j murpayjpfhuj;ij KOikahfNth gFjp gFjpahfNth ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba chpikfisj; jhDk; fhj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $ba gykw;w r%fkhfNt khwp tUfpNwhk;. ,t;thW khwptUgth;fs; my;yh`;tpd; topfhl;liy Vw;wth;fs; vd;W ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ ntl;fpj; jiyFdpa Ntz;bNaw;gl;Ls;sJ. ehk; Xh; ,yl;rpaj;Jf;fhfg; gilf;fg;gl;lth;fs;@ me;j ,yl;rpaj;Jf;fhf tho Ntz;bath;fs;@ ciof;f Ntz;bath;fs;@ ,y;iyNay; ,q;F tho;tjw;Nf jFjpaw;wth;fs; vd;w epiyg;ghLila xU r%fj;Jf;F Vd; ,e;j mtyepiy Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;. my;FHMidg; Gwf;fzpj;J> egp topiag; gpd; xJf;fp> Kd;khjphpfisj; jpUk;gpg; ghh;f;fhky; topelj;jg;gLk; ,e;jr; rKjhak; i\j;jhidj;jhd; topfhl;bahf khw;wpf; nfhz;lJ vd;W Nfl;FksT xOf;fg; gz;GfSk;> rl;l epajpfSk;> tho;f;if tptfhuq;fSk; efh;j;jg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

~gaj;ijNah ghJfhg;igNah gw;wpa ahnjhU nra;jp mth;fSf;F vl;bdhy; clNd mjid mth;fs; ntspNa gpu];jhgpf;f Muk;gpj;J tpLfpd;wdh;. mt;thW nra;ahJ mjid my;yh`;tpd; J}jhplKk; mth;fSila mjpfhhpfspKk; - cYy; mk;h;fsplKk; njhptpj;jhy; mjpypUe;J Cfpf;ff;$ba mth;fs; cz;ikia ed;fwpe;J - ,];jpd;ghj; nra;J (jf;f eltbf;iffis) vLj;Jf; nfhs;thh;fs;. my;yh`;Tila mUSk; mtDila fpUigAk; cq;fs; kPJ ,y;yhjpUf;Fk; (cq;fspy;) rpyiuj; jtpu ePq;fs; ahtUk; i\j;jhidNa gpd;gw;wpapUg;gPh;fs;| (me;ep]hc 83)

,J my;FHMd; vkf;Fj; jUk; Nghjid kl;Lky;y@ vr;rhpf;ifAk; $l. r%fj;ijg; ghjpf;Fk; tptfhuq;fs; ,lk;ngWk;NghJ mjid Kd;itg;gjw;Fk;> rPh;J}f;fpg; ghh;j;J eltbf;if vLg;gjw;Fk; - ,];jpd;ghj; nra;tjw;Fk; cYy;mk;h;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,e;j Maj; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wjy;yth? r%f czh;Ts;s xt;Nthh; cWg;gpdUk; vq;fs; cYy; mk;h;fs; vq;Nf vd;W Njbg; ghh;f;f Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. jhgpaPd;fs; fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;jJ Nghd;w Gf`hf;fspd; vOr;rp vk;kpilNaAk; Njhd;w Ntz;Lnkd;W Nfl;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.

vq;fs; kj;jpapy; cykhf;fs;> Kjh;hp];fs;> Fj;jghf;fs; fhzg;gLfpwhh;fs;. czh;Ts;s mjpgh;fs;> Mrphpah;fs;> cykhf;fs; gzpahw;Wfpwhh;fs;. Gj;jp[PtpfSk;> epGzj;Jt mwpTilath;fSk; tho;e;J tUfpwhh;fs;. my;FHMd;> cYy; my;ghg;> m`;Yj; jpf;h; vd;W Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;w juj;ijAilath;fs; ,y;yhkw; Ngha;tpl;lhh;fsh? ,th;fSf;F xU jhh;kPfg; nghWg;G cz;ly;yth? r%fj;ij ,iladpy;yhj ke;ijfshf khw;wpaikf;fhf kWikapy; tprhhpf;fg;gl khl;lhh;fsh? vdNt cwq;fpaJ NghJk;@ tpopj;njo Ntz;ba Neuk; fle;J nry;fpd;wJ.

r%fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;j xU jiyik mikg;G ,y;yhkw; Nghdjhy; jdpegh;fSk;> FLk;gq;fSk;> nghJ mikg;GfSk;> rPh;Fiye;Js;sd. Mz;fSk;> ngz;fSk; ngw;Nwhh;fSk;> gps;isfSk; Mrphpah;fSk;> khzth;fSk;> mjpfhhpfSk;> gzpahsh;fSk;> Ntiynfhs;NthUk;> Ntiy nra;gth;fSk;> kUj;Jth;fSk;> Nehahsh;fSk;> MSNthUk; Msg;gLNthUk; vd;w vy;Nyhhpd; kdepiyAk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. midthpd; elj;ijfSk; rPh;gl Ntz;bapUf;fpd;wJ. ~~jd;idj;jhd; fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJjhd; rpwe;j khh;f;fk;|| vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;lhYk;> [h`pypa;aj; epiwe;j r%fj;jpy; xOq;fhd Nkw;ghh;it ,y;yhkw;Nghdhy; mt;thwhd khh;f;fk; gad;gl khl;lhJ.

r%fj;jpd; xt;Nthh; cWg;gpdUk; rPh;jpUj;jg;gl Ntz;bath;fshf cs;sdh;. etPd tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;g rhjdq;fs; mtdJ rpe;jidia khw;wptpl;ld. mtdJ eilKiwia jpirjpUg;gp tpl;ld. jhd; ahh; vd;gijf; $l njhpahj epiyapy; tsh;f;fg;gl;L tpl;lhd;. vij Vw;gJ vij tpLtJ vd;gij njhpT nra;Ak; mwpT ,y;yhkw; Ngha;tpl;lJ. gzk; nfhLj;J ghtj;ij thq;Ffpd;whd;. ghtk; vd;W nrhd;dhYk; mJ mtdJ cs;sj;ijj; njhLtjpy;iy. vijg; ghh;f;ff; $lhNjh mijg; ghh;f;fpwhd;. vij Nfl;ff; $lhNjh mijf; Nfl;fpwhd;. vijr; nra;af; $lhNjh mij nra;fpwhd;. vjw;F nrytplf; $lhNjh mjw;Fr; nrytpLfpwhd;. ,Ue;Jk; mtid ve;j vr;rhpf;ifAkpd;wp mq;fPfhpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. CUf;F eLNt tsh;fpd;w er;R kuk; vd;W vtUk; fUJtjhf ,y;iy. rlthjpfshf tho;e;J kuzpf;fj;jhd; ehk; gpwe;Njhkh?

thrpg;gjpy; fl;Lg;ghLfs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. vOJtjpy; fl;Lg;ghLfs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. thndhyp Nfl;gjpy;> njhiyf;fhl;rp ghh;g;gjpy; ,izajsq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; fl;Lg;ghLfs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. fUj;Jfis toq;FtjpYk;> tpsk;guk; NjLtjpYk;> fl;Lg;ghLfs; Njitg;gLfpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf vkJ thypgh;fSk;> AtjpfSk; fz;bg;ghf fz;fhzpf;f Ntz;bath;fshf cs;sdh;. iffspy; Goq;Ffpd;w gzk; my;yJ Goq;Ftjw;F fpilf;fhkypUf;Fk; gzk; jtwhd topapy; nry;tjw;Ff; fhuzkhf mikfpd;wJ. FLk;gq;fshy; fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbahj msT mth;fs; vy;iy kPwpr; nry;fpwhh;fs;. jtwhd fy;tpKiw> Fwpg;ghf Kiwapy; fy;tp (Informal education) mth;fis ntFthfg; ghjpj;J tUfpd;wJ. mth;fis topelj;jf; $ba fw;wy; xOq;Ffs;> gz;ghl;Lg; gapw;rpfs; vk;kpy; ,lk;ngw tpy;iy. r%fj;jpd; rpy Gs;spfs; - murpay;thjpfs;> gzf;fhuh;fs;> mth;fis jkJ Raeyj;Jf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jp tUfpwhh;fs;. vjph;fhy re;jjp vg;gb mikANkh vd;W gPjpNahL Nehf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. vkJ kf;jGfSk;> kj;u]hf;fSk; Gduikf;fg;gl Ntz;bAs;sd. k];[pJfSk; kh;f];fSk; kWrPuikg;Gg; ngw Ntz;bAs;sd.

Mjyhy; vk;kpilNa cs;s fyhepjpfs;> gy;fiyf;fof tphpTiuahsh;fs;> rl;l mwpQh;fs;> epGzj;Jt mwpTilNahh;> jFjp tha;e;j cykhf;fs; xd;wpiza Ntz;Lk;. r%fj;jpd; murpay;> nghUshjhu> fy;tp> fyhrhu> ghJfhg;G> ,Ug;G epiygw;wp Mokhf Muha Ntz;Lk;. ePz;lfhy FWq;fhyj; jpl;lq;fis tFf;f Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs; r%fj;jpd; ~_wh rigahf ,aq;f Ntz;Lk;. murpay;thjpfisAk; ,e;j ~_wh rigapd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;tu Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F cld;glhjth;fis r%fk; Gwe;js;s Ntz;Lk;. ,Jfhyk; tiu r%fj;ij topelj;jj; jtwpa me;jj; jiyikfs; jk;ik khw;wpf; nfhs;s Kd;tuhj NghJ mit r%fj;Jf;Fj; Njitg;gl khl;lhJ. ,];yhk; ~hPMTf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;l murpaiyj;jhd; fhl;bj; je;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,t;thW ,ize;J ,aq;FtJ jhd; $l;Lj; jiyik vd;gjd; fUj;jhFk;.

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