- mg+ KMj;

r%f tho;f;ifapy; Mz;fSf;Fg; Nghd;Nw ngz;fSf;Fk; xU gq;Fz;L. ,jid my;FHMDk;> ]{d;dhTk; njspthf Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ]`hghr; r%fj;ij vLj;J Nehf;fpdhYk; mq;Nf ]`hgpa;ahf;fspd; gq;fspg;ig epiwaf; fhzyhk;. mth;fs; jhahfTk; kidtpahfTk;> rNfhjhpahfTk;> kfshfTk; epd;W ,];yhj;Jf;Fk; K];ypk; r%fj;Jf;Fk; kl;Lkd;wp kdpj rKjhaj;Jf;fhfTk; epiwa topfhl;ly;fis toq;fpapUf;fpwhh;fs;.

Mdhy; mth;fspd; ghuk;ghpaj;jpy; te;j vkJ ngz;fs; r%jhak;> ,d;W mt;thwhd gq;fspg;Gfis toq;f Kbahj epiyf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;fs;.

®       mth;fspd; Rje;jpuk; Mz;fshy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. mth;fs; vy;iy kPwpa Rje;jpuj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;fs; vd;w Kuz;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; xypf;fpd;wd.

®       mth;fs; Md;kPff; fy;tpapYk; cyfpaw; fy;tpapYk; gpd;jq;fpapUf;fpwhh;fs;. jhd;> jd; FLk;gnkd mth;fs; jkJ gzpia RUf;fpf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.

®   r%fg; gzpapyPLgLk; ngz;fs; FLk;gg; nghWg;Gf;fis kwe;J tpLfpwhh;fs;. etPd r%f mikg;G mth;fsJ Kiwahd r%fg; gzpfSf;Fj; jilahf cs;sJ.

®       mth;fSf;F tPLjhd; cyfk;. njhl;biy Ml;b mth;fs; cyif MsNtz;Lk;.

,t;thnwy;yhk; ngz;fisg; gw;wpa tpj;jpahrkhf fUj;Jf;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Mzhjpf;fk;> ngz;zpiythjk; vd;w nrhy;yhly;fSk;> Kiwrhh;> Kiwapy;> Kiwrhuh fy;tp mikg;Gf;fSk; mth;fspd; tho;f;ifg; Nghf;ifj; jPh;khdpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbahjthW rpf;fyhf;fpAs;sd.

,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy; jkJ ngz;fis topelj;j Ntz;ba ngUk; nghWg;G rKjhaj;Jf;F cz;L.

fy;tp tuyhW

kf;jGfspYk; jpz;izg; gs;spf; $lq;fspYk; kuG hPjpahf ngw;W te;j ngz;fy;tp> FLk;gf; fl;likg;Gf; $lhd gapw;rp vd;gd fhykhw;wj;jhYk; etPd fy;tp mikg;Gf;fshYk; khw;wk; ngw;wd. xU fhyj;jpy;> ngz;fs; gUtkile;j gpd;dh; ghlrhiyf;Fr; nry;y jil tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ. Muk;gf; fy;tpNahL ngz;fspd; fy;tp ,ilepWj;jg;gl;lJ. mwGj; jkpo; %ykhd rpy E}y;fSf;$lhf mth;fSf;F tPl;by; itj;J khh;f;ff; fy;tpa+l;lg;gl;lJ. md;iwa rKjhar; nry;newp mt;thwhd fy;tpNahL ngz;fs; tho;f;if elj;jg; NghJkhdjhf ,Ue;jJ.

Mdhy;> Njrpa rh;tNjr rKjhar; nry;newpfspNyw;gl;l khw;wq;fs;> Mz;fisg; Nghd;Nw ngz;fSk; ghlrhiy nrd;W fw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiyf;F eph;g;ge;jpj;jd. gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; rpj;jpnyg;ig ngz;fSf;nfd jdpahd ghlrhiyfis - ,uTg; ghlrhiyfis Vw;gLj;jp mth;fSf;nfd jdpahd fiyj;jpl;lq;fis (Carriculum)Ak; tFj;J nrhe;jr; nrytpy; mth;fisf; fw;f itj;jhh;. mijj; njhlh;e;J ngz;fs;> ghlrhiyf; fy;tpiag; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w rpe;jid tsh;e;jJ. Mz;fSf;fhd fy;Y}hpfs; Nghd;Nw ngz;fSf;fhd fy;Y}hpfSk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. Nrh; uh]pf; Nghd;Nwhh; ngz;fSf;fhd ghlrhiyfis mikf;fj; njhlq;fpdh;. K];ypk; ngz;fSf;nfd jh;fh efhpy; Mrphpah; fyhrhiy xd;W xJf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; tsh;r;rpf; fl;lkhf ngz;fSf;fhd Mrphpaepakdq;fs; rYif mbg;gilapy; toq;fg;gl;ld. Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; fy;tpapy; rktha;g;Gg; ngw;W tsh;e;jdh;. ngz;fSf;fhd jdpahd kj;u]hf;fSk; ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; Njhw;wk; ngw Muk;gpj;jd. ,d;W K];ypk; Mz;fistpl ngz;fs; fy;tpj; juj;jpy; cah;e;J epw;fpwhh;fs;. cah; tFg;Gf;fspYk; gy;fiyf;fofq;fspYk;> cah;fy;tp epWtdq;fspYk; Mz;fis tpl ngz;fs; njhif ,ul;il klq;ifAk; jhz;btpl;lJ. ngz; vOj;jhsh;fs;> ftpQh;fs;> xypgug;ghsh;fs; tsh;e;J tUfpwhh;fs;. jkf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd fy;tpj; juj;ijAila Nrhbfisj; Njbf; nfhs;tjw;F rpukg;glf; $ba msT ,t;tsh;r;rp njhlh;fpwJ.

,t;thwhd #o;epiyapy; ngz;fy;tpia ,ilepWj;j Ntz;Lnkd;W nrhy;gth;fSk; Njhd;wptpl;lhh;fs;. mth;fspd; fy;tpj; juj;Jf;Nfw;w K];ypk; kzthsh;fs; fpilg;gjpy;iy; kWgf;fkhf fy;tpj; juj;Jf;Nfw;g rPjdj; njhifAk; $b tUfpd;wJ. fy;tpf;Fr; nrytpLk; gzj;ij rPjdj;Jf;fhf xJf;fpdhy; chpa gUtj;jpy; jpUkzj;ijahtJ nra;J Kbf;fyhk; vd ngw;Nwhh; mq;fyha;f;fpwhh;fs;. ehk; Vd; ,t;tsT J}uk; gbj;Njhk; vd;W ngz;fSk; rpe;jpf;f Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lhh;fs;.

jdpj;Jtkhd ,ay;G

my;FHMd; xU rk;gtj;ijr; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. ,k;uhDila kidtp fh;g;gk; jhpj;jNghJ Mz; gps;isapy; tpUg;gk; nfhz;lhh;. my;yh`;tplKk; gpuhh;j;jid nra;jhh;. fpilj;jNjh ngz; Foe;ij. ~ehd; xU ngz;izNa ngw;Nwd;| vd ftiy nfhz;lhh;. ~eP tpUk;gpa Mizg; Nghd;wtsy;yd; mts;| vd;W my;yh`; gjpyspj;jhd;. (My,k;uhd;) ,q;F my;yh`; mspj;j gjpy; MZk; ngz;Zk; ntt;NtW Nehf;fk;> ntt;NtW mikg;G> ntt;NtW ,ay;GfSld; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh; vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy; MizAk; ngz;izAk; xNu fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Nehf;Fk; Nkw;fj;jpa rpe;jidAk; mjd; topNjhd;wpa fy;tp KiwAk; vt;thW ngz;ikia jdpj;Jg; ghh;f;Fk; vd;gij mo;e;J  Nahrpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mz; ngWfpd;w mNj fy;tpia ngz;Zk; ngWtjhf ,Ue;jhy; gpwF Mz; ngz; NtWghL Vd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU f.ngh.j. rhjhuz ju tFg;gpy; 16 K];ypk; khztpah; ,Ue;jdh;. njhopw;ghlj; njhptpy; mth;fspy; gd;dpUth; tptrha ghlj;ijAk; ,Uth; tzpf ghlj;ijAk; ,Uth; kidg; nghUspaiyAk; njhpT nra;jdh;. ngz;fs; tptrhaj;ijAk; tzpfj;ijAk; tpl kidg; nghUspaiy my;yth njhpT nra;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs; jkf;fpay;ghd ghlj;ijj; njhpT nra;af; $l mth;fspd; fy;tp mth;fSf;F topfhl;ltpy;iy vd;why; ,e;jf; fy;tp FLk;gj;Jf;Nfh r%fj;Jf;Nfh vt;thW gadspf;f KbAk;.

ngz;fs; fw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w gpurhuk; Muk;gpj;jNghJ fy;tpapd; cz;ikahd gaid vjph;ghh;j;j kf;fs; ,d;iwa tpisitf; fhZk;NghJ ftiyailfpwhh;fs;. fy;tp ngz;fis Nkw;fj;jpa tho;f;iff;F jpirjpUg;gpapUf;fpwNj jtpu Rafyhrhuj;jpd; gf;fk; ,Oj;Jf; nry;ytpy;iy. xU gFjpahh; Nkw;fj;jpa fyhrhuj;jpy; Kw;whf %o;Fk; jPtputhjj;jpYk; kWgFjpahh; Kw;whf xJf;Fk; jPtputhjj;jpYk; Eioe;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,];yhkpa mikg;Gf;fNshL njhlh;Gila xU njhFjpapdh; kl;Lk; eLepiyapy; epd;W fy;tpg; gad;ghl;il rkepiyg;gLj;jp ,aq;Ffpd;whh;fs;.

fy;tp> ngz;fis FLk;g tho;tpypUe;J J}ukhf;fp tpl;bUf;fpwJ. Mz;fs; ngWfpd;w mNj fy;tp-fiyj;jpl;lk;> ghPl;irKiw> njhopy; tha;g;G ngz;fSf;Fk; toq;fg;gLtJ ,jw;F Kf;fpa fhuzk; vdyhk;. K];ypk; fy;tpAk; ,Nj ghzpapy;jhd; ,aq;Ffpd;wJ. K];ypk; kfsph; fy;Y}hpfs; ,Ue;Jk; $l K];ypk; ngz;fSf;Fj; jdpj;Jtkhd fy;tpNah> gapw;rpNah toq;fg;gl tpy;iy. ngz;fSf;nfd jdpahd kj;u]hf;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;Lk; mtw;wpy; $l ngz;fSf;fhd jdpj;Jtkhd fy;tp. gapw;rp vd;gd nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iy.

ehk; ,q;F jdpj;Jtkhd fy;tpg; gapw;rp vdf; Fwpg;gpLtJ rpyUf;Fg; GJikahf ,Uf;fyhk;. Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; nghJthfg; ngw Ntz;ba fy;tpj; JiwfSk; cz;L. ,U ghyhUk; ngw Ntz;ba tpj;jpahrkhd fy;tpj; JiwfSk; cz;L. FLk;g r%f mikg;gpy; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; rkgq;if tfpf;fpwhh;fshapDk; Mz;fspd; ,ay;G epiyf;Nfw;g mth;fspd; gq;fspg;Gk; ngz;fspd; ,ay;G epiyf; Nfw;g mth;fspd; gq;fspg;Gk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. fUj;jhpg;G> gpurtk;> Foe;ij tsh;g;G> Nghrpg;G Nghd;wd ngz;fs; gf;fkpUe;J mjpf gq;fspg;ig vjph;ghh;f;fpd;wd. ehshe;j czTKiw> kidepUthfk;> Nehahsh; guhkhpg;G> FLk;gr; nrytpdk; njhlh;ghd tplaq;fspy; ngz;fspd; gq;F mjpfkhdit. ,it gw;wpa mwpTk; gapw;rpAk; ngz; fy;tpapy; rpwg;gplk; ngwNtz;Lk;. ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk; Nka;g;ghsh;fs;. cq;fs; Nka;g;igg; gw;wp kWikapy; tprhhpf;fg;gLk; vd;w `jP]pd; njhlhpy; ,y;yhspd; gzp jdpahff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gJ Nehf;fj;jf;fjhFk;.

FLk;g tho;T

kWgf;fkhf ngz;fy;tpAk; Mz;fisg; Nghd;Nw njhopy; cyfpy; ,lk; gpbg;gjhf khwpAs;sjhy; FLk;g tptfhuk; Kw;whfg; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLk; epiy gbj;jth;fs; kj;jpapy; tsh;e;J tUfpd;wJ. ghlrhiyapy; gapYk; fhyj;jpNyNa mth;fs; tPl;L NtiyfspypUe;J xJf;fg;gl;L gapw;Wtpf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs;. mth;fspd; nrhe;j Ntiyfisf; $l jha;khh;fs; nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. ,jdhy; FLk;gk; ,uz;lhk; gl;rkhf xJf;fp itf;fg;gLfpwJ. FLk;g cwT> Rf Jf;fq;fspy; gq;Fgw;wy; Nghd;wd $l js;sp itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

FLk;gg; ngz;fs; tPl;Lf;F ntspNa njhopYf;Fr; nry;tjhy; mth;fspd; gps;isfs; jkJ cstpay;> clypay; Njitfs; rhptu epiwNtwhj epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gLfpwhh;fs;. ghl;bkhUk;> jhjpaUk; jhapdhy; toq;fg;gLk; Nritia toq;fptpl KbahJ. kdpjd; ,ae;jpuky;y. mtDf;F clNyhL cs;sKk;> Md;khTk;> czh;TfSk; cs;sd. mit chpa Kiwapy; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lhy; jhd; mtdhy; kdpjdhf ,aq;f KbAk;. Vida caphpfspd; guhkhpg;Gf; fhyk; FWfpajhfTk;> kdpjdpd; guhkhpg;Gf; fhyk; ePz;ljhfTk; mike;jpUg;gJ mtjhdpf;fj;jf;fjhFk;. newpgpwo;e;j> r%fg; nghUj;jg;ghlw;w> nghWg;gw;w gps;isfspd; ngUf;fj;jpw;Fk; ngz;fs; njhopy; cyfpy; Eioe;jjw;Fk; epiwa njhlh;Gfs; cs;sd. ,jdhy; jhd; ~mth;fs; jq;fs; nghUs;fis ngz;fSf;fhf nryT nra;fpd;whh;fs;| (ep]h:34) vd;W my;Fh;Md; FLk;gj;jpw;F tUkhdk; NjLk; Jiwia Mz;fsplk; xg;gilj;Js;sJ. FLk;gj;Njit Gwf;fzpf;fg;glhj epiyapy; ngz;fs; njhopy; nra;tijNa ,];yhk; mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ. Fbirf; ifj;njhopy;fspy; ck;k`hj;Jy; K/kpdPd;fs; <Lgl;lik ,jw;F Kd;Ndhbahf mike;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

r%f tho;T

fy;tp ngz;fis FLk;g tho;tpypUe;J xJf;fpAs;s mNj Neuj;jpy; r%f tho;tpypUe;Jk; js;sp itj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy; mth;fs; r%j;jpd; mq;fkhf ,Ue;j NghJk; r%fg; gpuf;iQ mth;fsplk; kpff; FiwthfNt fhzg;gLfpwJ. mJ Mz;fSf;Fhpa gzpahf kl;Lk; mth;fshy; vilNghlg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ngz;fs; $bepw;Fk; ,lq;fspy; nrtpg;Gyidf; $h;ikg;gLj;jpdhy;> Ritahd czT> etPdkhd cil> myq;fhu Ntiyg;ghLfs;> tbthd eiffs;> Nfypf; fijfs; Nghd;wdNt vk;ik milfpd;wd. gps;is tsh;g;G> FLk;g epUthfk;> r%f xOf;fk;> r%fr; rPuopT> ,];yhkpa njhlh;G> r%fg; Gduikg;G> mtw;Wf;fhd jkJ gq;fspg;G Nghd;wd gw;wpa xypfs; vk;ik miltjpy;iy. ,jw;F mth;fs; ngw;w fy;tpKiwAk; gapw;Wtpj;j FLk;g mikg;GNk fhuzpfshFk;.

,e;epiy njhlutplg;glf;$lhJ. vkJ ngz;fs; r%fj;Jf;fhd gq;fspg;ig chpaKiwapy; toq;Ftjw;fhfg; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. r%fr; rPuoptpy; jkJ gq;F gw;wpAk; r%fg; Gduikg;gpy; jkJ <LghL gw;wpAk; njhlh;e;J fye;Jiuahlg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fUj;juq;FfSk;> nraykh;TfSk; ,lk; ngWtjw;F Kd;dh; Rw;Wtl;lhuj;jpYs;s ngz;fs;-Ie;jhW FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fs; thunkhU KiwahtJ xd;W$b fye;Jiuahl Ntz;Lk;. mwpTk;> mDgtKila XhpUtiu fye;Jiuahlypd;NghJ ,izj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ,t;thW ngz;fs; kj;jpapy; rpWrpW fy;tp tl;lq;fs; Njhd;Wkhapd; jdpegh; tho;tpYk;> FLk;g tho;tpYk;> r%f tho;tpYk; ehk; Mw;w Ntz;ba gzpfis> fw;f Ntz;ba fy;tpia> gapw;Wtpf;f Ntz;ba jpwd;fis tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tJk;> mtw;Wf;fhf Kaw;rpg;gJk; ,yFthf mikAk;. ,J gw;wpa rpe;jid gbj;j-gbf;fpw ngz;fs; kj;jpapy; cUthtJ ,d;iwa mtruj; NjitahFk;. ehk; ngWfpd;w fy;tp r%fj;Jf;Fg; gad;gl ,J ey;y tha;g;ghFk;.